Use of Ferronia Elephuntum Fruit Shell Substrate for the Adsorption of Fe[II] Metal ION From Aqueous Solution

Abstract

Water reserve of the world are limited. The total amount of water on the earth is about 1.35 billion. Over 97% of this amount is found in the earth oceans and earth fresh water totals only about 37 million of which four-fifth occurs in polar ice caps and glaciers. It is clear that only a little amount of fresh water is accessible to human. This mearge quantity of water which is availabke for human use is also getting contaminated because of industrialisation, urbanisation and population exodus. Salts of various heavy metals and potentially hazardous material are being discharged in increasing amounts into the aquatic environment. Water containing significant concerntration of some of the heavy metal ions are toxic to human being, animal as well as aquatic organism . The toxicity of some heavy metal ions even at the trace level has been recognised with respect to public health for many years. Metal such as Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu, Fe[II], and Cr fall under this categories. Many metals have been evaluated as toxic to aquatic life above certain threshold toxicity level. Exposure to heavy metal toxicity can result from every facet of activity such as agriculture, mining, transport, energy and industry. Continue release of metal wastage into the environment has been justified in the basis of dilution to undetectable levels or to the level below the threshold toxicity level in the receiving water body.